General Landscape Uses: Hedge, specimen plant, erosion control, wildlife garden

Ecological Restoration Notes: Erosion control, wildlife habitat creation, coastal restoration, mixed agroforestry systems

Description: Evergreen shrub or small tree

Dimensions: Height 12 – 18 ft.; Spread 12 – 18 ft.

Growth Rate: Fast

Native Range: India, Burma, China to Japan and Philippines

Native Habitats: Woodlands and forest edges, hillsides and slopes, coastal areas, elevations

Soils: Well-drained, fertile soil; tolerates a range of soil types

Nutritional Requirements: Fertile soil

Salt Water Tolerance: Moderate

Salt Wind Tolerance: Moderate

Drought Tolerance: Moderate

Light Requirements: Full sun to part sun

Flower Color: White

Flower Characteristics: Showy, Fragrant

Flowering Season: May to July

Fruit: Red berries that mature to black in late summer

Wildlife and Ecology: Pollinator support, bird habitat and food source, wildlife shelter, erosion control and soil improvement, carbon sequestration

Horticultural Notes: Propagation by cuttings, layering, and seed

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