General Landscape Uses: Shade gardens and ground cover, container gardening, border and understory planting, erosion control

Ecological Restoration Notes: Soil stabilization and erosion control, understory habitat restoration

Description: A hardy, evergreen, shade-loving perennial valued for its durability, low maintenance, and lush green foliage.

Dimensions: Height 2 – 3 ft; Spread 1 – 2 ft.

Growth Rate: Slow to moderate

Native Range: China, Japan

Native Habitats: Forested understories and shaded, moist environments

Soils: Rich, well-drained, organic

Nutritional Requirements: Low

Salt Water Tolerance: Low to moderate

Salt Wind Tolerance: Low to moderate

Drought Tolerance: High

Light Requirements: Part sun to full shade

Flower Color: Creamy purple

Flower Characteristics: Insignificant, bell-shaped

Flowering Season: Late winter to early spring

Fruit: Small, round berry-like that starts green and ripens to purple or dark brown

Wildlife and Ecology: Provides ground cover and shelter for wildlife, flowers are pollinated by ground-dwelling insects

Horticultural Notes: Grown by division or seed

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